Received October 14, 2009; Revised October 16, 2009; Accepted October 16, 2009.
Abstract
In 1959, the Korean Society for Parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in American science and medicine. The Society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. Due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. Domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. To cope with the demand of parasite control, evaluation system for control activity was built up. Control activity against soil-transmitted nematodes, conducted for almost 3 decades, was evaluated as a success. Evaluation of praziquantel efficacy for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and neurocysticercosis, population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a situation of continuous reinfections, diagnostic modalities of antibody tests combined with brain imaging developed for helminthiasis of the central nervous system and researches on intestinal trematodes were achievements in the first 30 years. During the recent 2 decades, science researches, such as cell and molecular biology of parasites and immunology of parasitic infections have been studied especially on parasitic allergens and proteolytic and anti-oxidant enzymes. Experiences of international cooperation for world health have been accumulated and would be expanded in the future.
Keywords: history, parasitology, parasite, helminth, protozoa, Korea.
References
1.
Lee SH. [Twenty-year history of the Korean Society for Parasitology]. Korean J Parasitol 1979;17:183–196.
2.
Cho SY. Parasitology in a quickly changing society: Past, present and future of parasitology in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1990;28 suppl:1–12.
3.
Korean Society for Parasitology. [The first academic meeting: Abstracts of presentation.]. 1959. pp. 1-29. (a mimeograph document in Korean)
4.
Korean Society for Parasitology. Catalogue of Korean parasites. 1961. pp. 1-31. (in Korean)
5.
Kang SY. Collected papers commemorating the 70th birthday of Dr. Ilsan DJ Kim. Seoul: Tamkudang; 1966. A short history of Korean medical journals; pp. 261-314. (in Korean)
6.
Chun CW. The first century of modern medicine in Korea. Seoul: Tamkudang; 1987. Historical journey of publishing medical books and journals; pp. 206-359. (in Korean)
7.
Seo BS. Collected Papers on the Control of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis. 1. 1980. Control problem of parasite infection in Korea; pp. 73-81. (presented at the first conference of the Asian Parasite Control Organization, 1974)
8.
Pawlowski ZS. Control strategies related to the pattern of ascariasis. In: Crompton DWT,Nesheim MC,Pawlowski ZSAscariasis and Its Prevention and Control. London, England: Taylor and Francis; 1989. pp. 369-377.
9.
Paik YH,Ree HI,Shim JC. Malaria in Korea. Jpn J Exp Med 1988;58:55–60.
10.
Yokogawa M,Yoshimura H,Okura T,Sano M,Tsuji M,Iwasaki M,Hirose H. Chemotherapy of paragonimiasis with bithionol. II. Clinical observations on the treatment of bithionol. Jpn J Parasitol 1961;10:317–327.
11.
Kang SY. Studies on the chemotherapy of paragonimiasis with bithionol. I. Clinical observations on the treatment with bithionol. Korean J Intern Med 1962;5:531–547.
12.
Walton BC,Chyu I. Clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in Korea. Bull World Hlth Org 1959;21:721–726.
13.
Yokogawa M,Tsuji M,Okura T. Studies on the complement fixation test for paragonimiasis as the method of criterion of cure. Jpn J Parasitol 1962;11:117–122.
14.
Chyu I,Lee OY. The complement fixation test of paragonimiasis. 4. Korea: Bull NIH; 1961. pp. 1-6. (in Korean)
Oh SJ. Bithionol treatment in cerebral paragonimiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1967;16:585–590.
17.
Cho SY,Lee SH,Rim HJ,Seo BS. An evaluation of cellophane thick smear technique for mass stool examination. Korean J Parasitol 1969;7:48–52.
18.
Korea Association for Parasite Eradication. Statistics of parasitic infections among school children: The summary of the results of autumn 1970. (in Korean)
19.
Ministry of Health and Korea Association for Parasite Eradication. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Korea. The second report. 1976.
20.
Rim HJ. The current pathobiology and chemotherapy of clonorchiasis. Korean J Parasitol 1986;24 suppl:1–141.
21.
Rim HJ,Lyu KS,Lee JS,Joo KH. Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel (Embay 8440) against Clonorchis sinensis in man. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1981;75:27–33.
22.
Rim HJ,Chang YS,Lee JS,Joo KH,Suh WH. Clinical evaluation of praziquantel (Embay 8440; Biltricide) in the treatment of Paragonimus westermani. Korean J Parasitol 1981;19:27–37.
23.
Rim HJ,Won CR,Chu JW. Studies on the human cysticercosis and its therapeutic trial with praziquantel (Embay 8440). Korea Univ Med J 1980;17:459–471.
24.
Kim JS. Mass chemotherapy in the control of paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 1969;7:6–14.
25.
Seo BS. Malayan filariasis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1978;16 suppl:1–108.
26.
Kobayashi A. Theory and practice applied in Japan for the eradication of Ascaris infections. Collected Papers on the Control of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis 1980;1:233–242. (presented at the first conference of the Asian Parasite Control Organization, 1974)
27.
Seo BS,Cho SY,Chai JY,Hong ST. Comparative efficacy of various interval mass treatment on Ascaris lumbricoides infection in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1980;18:145–151.
28.
Seo BS,Cho SY,Chai JY. Frequency distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides in rural Koreans with special reference on the effect of changing endemicity. Korean J Parasitol 1979;17:105–113.
29.
Cho SY,Kang SY,Kim SI,Song CY. Effect of anthelmintics on the early stage of Enterobius vermicularis. Korean J Parasitol 1985;23:7–17.
30.
Cho SY,Hong ST,Kang SY,Song CY. Morphological observation of Enterobius vermicularis expelled by various anthelmintics. Korean J Parasitol 1981;12:18–26.
31.
Soh CT,Lee KT,Cho KM,Ahn YK,Kim SJ,Chung PR,Im KI,Min HK. Resistance of free living stages soil-transmitted parasites to pesticides. Yonsei Rep Trop Med 1975;6:3–13.
32.
Lee KT,Min HK,Soh CT. Transplacental migration of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice. J Parasitol 1976;62:460–465.
33.
Lee KT,Min HK,Chung PR,Chang JK. Studies on the inducing possibility of human visceral larva migrans associated with eating habit of raw liver of domestic animals. Korean J Parasitol 1976;14:51–60.
34.
Soh CT. Parasitic amoebae in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1981;19 suppl:1–95.
35.
Choi WY,Kimura K,Tsuji M. Immunoelectrophoresis for anthelmintics evaluation against experimental paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 1976;14:94–102.
36.
Choi WY,Lee WK,Lee OR. Indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 1975;13:152–158.
37.
Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and Korea Association for Parasite Eradication. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Korea. The third report. 1981.
38.
Chai JY,Lee SH. Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea. Parasitol Int 2002;51:129–154.
39.
Seo BS. Fibricola seoulensis Seo, Rim and Lee, 1964 (Trematoda) and fibricoliasis in man. Seoul J Med 1990;31:61–96.
40.
Chai JY,Choi MH,Yu JR,Lee SH. Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode. Trends Parasitol 2003;18:109–112.
41.
Mehlhorn H,Kojima S,Rim HJ,Ruenwongsa P,Andrews P,Thomas H,Bunnag B. Ultrastructural investigations on the effects of praziquantel on human trematodes from Asia: Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Opisthorchis viverrini, Paragonimus westermanim and Schistosoma japonicum. Arzeimittel Forschung 1983;33:91–98.
42.
Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Association of Health. Prevalence of intestinal parasitc infections in Korea. The sixth report. 1997.
43.
Lee JK,Min DY,Im KI,Lee KT,Soh CT. Study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in serodiagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infection. Yonsei J Med Sci 1981;14:133–147.
44.
Cho SY,Hong ST,Rho YH,Choi S,Han YC. Application of micro-ELISA in serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 1981;19:151–156.
45.
Cho SY,Kim SI,Kang SY,Choi DY,Suk JS,Choi KS,Ha YS,Chung CS,Myung H. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serological diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis using paired samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Korean J Parasitol 1986;24:25–41.
46.
Chang KH,Kim WS,Cho SY,Han MC,Kim CW. Comparative evaluation of brain CT and ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1988;9:125–130.
47.
Cho SY,Bae J,Seo BS,Lee SH. Some aspects of human sparganosis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1975;13:60–77.
48.
Chi JG,Chi HS,Lee SH. Histopathologic study on human sparganosis. Korean J Parasitol 1980;18:15–23.
49.
Kim H,Kim SI,Cho SY. Serological diagnosis of human sparganosis by means of micro-ELISA. Korean J Parasitol 1984;22:222–228.
Song CY,Dresden MH. Partial purification and characterization of cysteine proteases from various developmental stages of Paragonimus westermani. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1990;95:473–476.
52.
Ahn MH,Im KI. Experimental meningoencephalitis by Naegleria species in mice. Korean J Parasitol 1984;22:153–258.
53.
Im KI,Ryu JS,Lee KT. Immunodepression during experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice. Korean J Parasitol 1987;25:195–198.
54.
Eom KS,Rim HJ. Morphologic descriptions of Taenia asiatica sp. n. Korean J Parasitol 1993;31:1–6.
55.
Lee JS,Kho WK,Lee HW,Seo M,Lee WJ. Current status of vivax malaria among civilians in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1998;36:241–248.
56.
Sohn WM,Kim HM,Chung DI,Yee ST. The first human case of Trichinella spiralis infection in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2000;38:111–115.
57.
Lee SH,Hong ST,Chai JY,Kim WH,Kim YT,Song IS,Kim SH,Choi BI,Cross JH. A case of intestinal capillariasis in the Republic of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;48:542–546.
58.
Choe G,Lee SH,Seo JK,Chai JY,Lee SH,Eom KS,Chi JG. Hepatic capillariasis: first case report in the Republic of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;48:610–625.
59.
Lee KJ,Park GM,Yong TS,Im K,Jung SH,Jeong NY,Lee WY,Yong SJ,Shin KC. The first Korean case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis. Yonsei Med J 2000;41:285–288.
60.
Hong ST. Serologic response to Pneumocystis carinii of Seoul National University Hospital patients. Korean J Parasitol 1991;29:355–361.
61.
Choi WY,Nam HW,Kwak NH,Huh W,Kim YR,Kang MW,Cho SY,Dubey JP. Foodborne outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis 1997;175:1280–1281.
62.
Lee JH,Rim HJ,Bak UB. Effect of Clonorchis sinensis infection and dimethylnitrosamine administration on the induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian golden hamsters. Korean J Parasitol 1993;31:21–30.
63.
Lee JH,Yang HM,Bak UB,Rim HJ. Promoting role of Clonorchis sinensis infection on induction of cholangiocarcinoma during two-step carcinogenesis. Korean J Parasitol 1994;32:15–18.
64.
Lee SH,Hong ST,Kim CS,Sohn WM,Chai JY,Lee YS. Histopathological changes of the liver after praziquantel treatment in Clonorchis sinensis infected rabbits. Korean J Parasitol 1987;25:110–122.
65.
Chung DI,Yu HS,Hwang MY,Kim TH,Kim TO,Yun HC,Kong HH. Subgenus classification of Acanthamoeba by riboprinting. Korean J Parasitol 1998;36:69–80.
66.
Ryu JS,Kang JH,Jung SY,Shin MH,Kim JM,Park H,Min DY. Production of interleukin-8 by human neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Infec Immun 2004;72:1326–1332.
67.
Kim JM,Chae H,Im KI,Cho YJ,Kim CY. Interleukin-8 gene expression in the human colon epithelial cell line HT-20, exposed to Entamoeba histolytica. Korean J Parasitol 1995;33:357–364.
68.
Kong Y,Chung YB,Cho SY,Kang SY. Cleavage of immunoglobulin G by excretory-secretory cathepsin S-like protease of Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid. Parasitology 1994;109:611–621.
69.
Chung YB,Kong Y,Joo IJ,Cho SY,Kang SY. Excystment of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae by endogenous cysteine protease. J Parasitol 1995;81:137–142.
70.
Molyneux DH. Control of human parasitic diseases: Context and overview. In: Molyneux DHControl of Human Parasitic Diseases. London, England: Academic Press; 2007. pp. 1-45.
71.
Chung JY,Bahk YY,Huh S,Kang SY,Kong Y,Cho SY. A recombinant ten-kilodalton protein of Taenia solium metacestode specific to active neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1307–1315.
72.
Bae YA,Moon SY,Kong Y,Cho SY,Rhyu MG. CsRn1, a novel active retrotransposon in a parasitic trematode, Clonorchis sinensis, discloses a new phylogenetic clade of Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposons. Mol Biol Evol 2001;18:1474–1483.
73.
Na BK,Kim SH,Lee EG,Kim TS,Bae YA,Kang I,Yu JR,Sohn WM,Cho SY,Kong Y. Critical roles for excretory-secretory cysteine proteases during tissue invasion of Paragonimus westermani new excysted metacercariae. Cell Microbiol 2006;8:1034–1046.
74.
Lee EG,Kim SH,Bae YA,Chung JY,Suh M,Na BK,Kim TS,Kang I,Ma L,Kong Y. A hydrophobic ligand-binding protein of the Taenia solium metacestodes uptake of the host lipid: implications for the maintenance of parasitic cellular homeostasis. Proteomics 2007;7:4016–4030.
75.
Sim S,Yong TS,Park SJ,Im KI,Kong Y,Ryu JS,Min DY,Shin MH. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of ERK1/2 is required for apoptosis of human neutrophils induced by Entamoeba histolytica. J Immunol 2005;174:4279–4288.
76.
Jeong KY,Lee H,Shin KH,Yi MH,Jeong KJ,Hong CS,Yong TS. Sequence polymorphism of major German cockroach allergens Bla g 1, Bla g 2, Blag g4 and Bla g 5. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008;145:1–8.